Hey, Texplainer: Is Texas handing over my voting data to the federal government?

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^{Editor's note: This story has been updated to include details on what records Texas will turn over to the feds.} 

Hey, Texplainer: I hear the federal government is asking all 50 states for a wide range of data on individual voters, and some states are pushing back. How is Texas handling the request? 

Texas plans to hand over some data requested, but not all of it.

But before we dive into the details, let's first understand who’s asking for the data. That’s the federal “Election Integrity Commission,” assembled by President Donald Trump, who has claimed — thus far without evidence — that millions of people voted illegally (and presumably against him) in the 2016 election.

Election experts call proven cases of voter fraud incredibly rare, and civil rights groups fear Trump's commission — chaired by Vice President Mike Pence and vice-chaired by Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach, who has championed some of the nation’s strictest voting and anti-immigrant laws — will throw up roadblocks to voting in the name of fraud prevention. But the White House told The Texas Tribune that Trump, using the commission, “wants to ensure that the integrity of all elections, which are the cornerstone of our democracy, is preserved.”

What data did the commission request?

Kobach this week sent letters to every secretary of state across the U.S. requesting a wide range of data “in order for the commission to fully analyze vulnerabilities and issues related to voter registration and voting.”

The requested data included: “the full first and last names of all registrants, middle names or initials if available, addresses, dates of birth, political party (if recorded in your state), last four digits of social security number if available, voter history (elections voted in) from 2006 onward, active/inactive status, cancelled status, information regarding any felony convictions, information regarding voter registration in another state, information regarding military status, and overseas citizen information.”

The request had a caveat. Kobach asked for the data “if publicly available under the laws of your state.”

The letter also asked secretaries of state to share their views and recommendations on how to bolster the integrity of elections.

Several states — including those led by Republicans and Democrats — have outright refused to hand over any data, some in colorful language. Take the response of Mississippi Secretary of State Delbert Hosemann, a Republican: "My reply would be: They can go jump in the Gulf of Mexico, and Mississippi is a great state to launch from. Mississippi residents should celebrate Independence Day and our state's right to protect the privacy of our citizens by conducting our own electoral processes."

Kobach’s own state was among those that said it couldn’t share some categories of information — social security numbers, in Kansas’ case — under state law.

Trump is not happy about the resistance. He tweeted Saturday: “Numerous states are refusing to give information to the very distinguished VOTER FRAUD PANEL. What are they trying to hide?”

Numerous states are refusing to give information to the very distinguished VOTER FRAUD PANEL. What are they trying to hide?

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) July 1, 2017

Is anything forcing states to comply?

No. Kobach has acknowledged that his panel has no authority to compel states to hand over the data. "It's simply an ask," he told NPR Friday.

So what does Texas say?

Texas Secretary of State Rolando Pablos said he plans to respond to the request, but it’s not entirely clear how much data he’ll be handing over.

Pablos said his agency would treat Kobach’s letter like any other public information request, and would only hand over information that’s considered public under Texas law.
 
“The Secretary of State’s office will provide the Election Integrity Commission with public information and will protect the private information of Texas citizens while working to maintain the security and integrity of our state’s elections system,” Pablos said in a statement. “As always, my office will continue to exercise the utmost care whenever sensitive voter information is required to be released by state or federal law.”

Gov. Greg Abbott also sought to reassure Texans, tweeting on Saturday: “Texas is keeping private your private information.” 

Texas is keeping private your private information: Most states refuse to provide voter data to election panel. https://t.co/IeCzF6mye9

— Greg Abbott (@GregAbbott_TX) July 1, 2017

What voting data is public in Texas?

Lots of voting data is public here — probably more than most Texans realize. Political campaigns and others frequently request publicly available voter rolls to help them understand their candidates' territory and target constituents.

Sam Taylor, a spokesman for Pablos, confirmed Wednesday what types of voting data requested by Kobach were public under Texas law: full names of all registrants (including middle names or initials), addresses of most registrants, dates of birth, voting history from 2006 onward, active/inactive status and whether a voter’s registration has been canceled. 

The data would not identify a voter’s party affiliation, but it would list party primaries he or she voted in. Voting history would not reveal how a Texan voted in any individual election, but it would detail when that person voted and what type of ballot the voter used.

The addresses of a subset of registrants are considered private under Texas law. That includes federal and state judges and their spouses, as well as participants in the Texas Attorney General’s “Address Confidentiality Program,” which aids victims of family violence, sexual assault and stalking.

Social security numbers are not considered public record.

A public information request form from Pablos’ office also lists a “Hispanic surname flag” as available public data, but Kobach’s commission did not request race-related data.

Why are some folks concerned about the data request? 

Critics are pushing back for a variety of reasons, including assertions of states rights, individual privacy concerns, questions about how Trump’s commission would use the data and whether a huge national dataset would be secure from unsavory characters.

State Rep. Celia Israel, D-Austin, sent a letter to Pablos Friday urging Pablos to deny the “unprecedented request” until Kobach provided clarification.

Kobach’s “extensive record of illegal voter disenfranchisement in Kansas gives me great pause about how this information will be used,” she wrote.

Justin Levitt, an election expert at Loyola Law School, is among those raising questions about the specific types of data the commission is seeking. For example: “I have deep concerns about his request for partisan affiliation data. I have absolutely no idea what the legitimate use of that data is,” he said. “Trying to see who’s eligible and who’s not – partisan data does not matter.”

Kobach says he wants to match state voter rolls against Social Security Administration data and citizenship databases and told NPR the data he's requesting is "not sensitive information at all."

Levitt pointed out that Texas prohibits the use of this type of public voting data for commercial purposes, but once it was handed over to the commission, it would presumably be accessible to anyone — without them having to sign a form promising to only use it for non-commercial purposes.

“Voluntarily sharing this information instantly guts the use distinction,” Levitt said. “What [requesters are] going to say is, I didn’t get it from Texas, I got it from the federal commission.”